Easy-to-read worked example: readability report
Passage: Turkish Personal Data Protection Law No. 6698 (KVKK), Article 11 (rights of the data subject) and Article 13 (application to the data controller). Official text from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=6698&MevzuatTur=1&MevzuatTertip=5, retrieved 2026-10-06. Turkish laws are not protected by copyright (Law No. 5846 FSEK, Art. 31). The English and German “before” texts are faithful standard-language translations made for this comparison only; they are not official translations.
Generated 2026-10-06 with Python 3.11.15, textstat [0, 7, 13] (cross-check only), axe-core 4.13.0 in Chromium. All numbers below are produced by measure.py and qa.py.
Method
- Headings and colophon excluded; list labels (MADDE 11-, (1), a)) stripped before measuring.
- Sentence segmentation: one regex splitter for all texts (split after . ! ? followed by space + capital/digit).
- TR syllables = vowel count; EN/DE syllables = textstat.syllable_count (CMUdict/pyphen); numerals counted by their spoken form (num2words).
- DE Mediopunkt compounds are measured joined (Bürger·amt -> Bürgeramt), the conservative choice.
- Passive, negation, genitive, direct-address detectors are regex heuristics; matches listed for review.
- Ateşman = 198.825 − 40.175 × (syllables/words) − 2.610 × (words/sentences). Ateşman, E. (1997), “Türkçede okunabilirliğin ölçülmesi”, Dil Dergisi 58: 71–74.
- Bezirci–Yılmaz = √(OKS × (H3×0.84 + H4×1.5 + H5×3.5 + H6×26.25)); OKS = words per sentence, Hn = n-syllable words per sentence (H6 = 6+). Bezirci, B. & Yılmaz, A. E. (2010), DEÜ Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 12(3): 49–62.
- Flesch Reading Ease = 206.835 − 1.015 × ASL − 84.6 × ASW. Flesch, R. (1948), Journal of Applied Psychology 32(3): 221–233. Flesch–Kincaid Grade = 0.39 × ASL + 11.8 × ASW − 15.59. Kincaid, J. P. et al. (1975), Research Branch Report 8-75, Naval Technical Training Command.
- Flesch-Amstad = 180 − ASL − 58.5 × ASW. Amstad, T. (1978), Wie verständlich sind unsere Zeitungen?, Diss. Univ. Zürich. Wiener Sachtextformel 1 = 0.1935·MS + 0.1672·SL + 0.1297·IW − 0.0327·ES − 0.875. Bamberger, R. & Vanecek, E. (1984), Lesen – Verstehen – Lernen – Schreiben, Wien.
Turkish: Official text (KVKK 6698) → Kolay okunur
| Metric | Before | After | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ateşman (1997) reading ease | -3.2 | 74.7 | 0–100, higher = easier |
| Bezirci–Yılmaz (2010) YOD | 39.88 | 7.93 | ≈ school grade, lower = easier |
| Sentences | 7 | 59 | |
| Words | 205 | 343 | |
| Average sentence length (words) | 29.29 | 5.81 | lower = easier |
| Longest sentence (words) | 113 | 10 | |
| Sentences > 15 words | 4 | 0 | target 0 |
| Words ≥4 syll. (%) | 34.1 | 22.4 | |
| Passive (heuristic, after review) | 26 | 1 | tokens/phrases |
| Negations (heuristic, after review) | 2 | 0 | |
| Numbers written as words | 1 | 0 | target 0 |
| Numerals as digits | 1 | 3 | |
| Sentences addressing reader (%) | 0.0 | 62.7 | |
| Key terms explained at first use | 0/6 | 6/6 | 6 shared concepts |
| Blocks (paragraphs + lists) | 4 | 5 | |
| List items | 0 | 23 |
Output file easy-read-kvkk-tr.html: axe-core 4.13.0 violations = 0 (incomplete 0, rules passed 34); html lang="tr"; line-height 1.5; print body font 14 pt; text-align left; sentences wrapping to a 2nd line: screen 2/59, A4 print width 2/59.
Heuristic matches (for review)
source_tr
- Longest sentence
- Herkes, veri sorumlusuna başvurarak kendisiyle ilgili; Kişisel veri işlenip işlenmediğini öğrenme, Kişisel verileri işlenmişse buna ilişkin bilgi talep etme, Kişisel verilerin işlenme amacını ve bunların amacına uygun kullanılıp kullanılmadığını öğrenme, Yurt içinde veya yurt dışında kişisel veriler
- Passive matches (raw)
- kendisiyle, işlenip, işlenmediğini, işlenmişse, işlenme, kullanılıp, kullanılmadığını, aktarıldığı, işlenmiş, düzeltilmesini, öngörülen, silinmesini, edilmesini, yapılan, aktarıldığı, İşlenen, edilmesi, kendisi, işlenmesi, giderilmesini, uygulanmasıyla, belirlenen, alınabilir, edilmesi, getirilir, kaynaklanması, alınan, edilir
- Removed as false positives
- kendisiyle, kendisi
- Negation matches (raw)
- işlenmediğ, kullanılmadığ, yok
- Negation false positives
- yok
- Number words
- otuz, 7 nci
- Key terms at first use
- kişisel veri: not explained; veri sorumlusu: not explained; Kurul: not explained; başvuru: not explained; silme: not explained; itiraz: not explained
easy_tr
- Longest sentence
- Başvurmak, bir kuruma yazıyla soru sormak veya bir şey istemektir.
- Passive matches (raw)
- okunur, metindir, kişiler, verebilir
- Removed as false positives
- metindir, kişiler, verebilir
- Negation matches (raw)
- yok
- Negation false positives
- yok
- Number words
- –
- Key terms at first use
- kişisel veri: explained; kurum / veri sorumlusu: explained; Kurul: explained; başvurmak: explained; silmek: explained; itiraz: explained
English: Standard EN translation (baseline) → Easy Read
| Metric | Before | After | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flesch Reading Ease (1948) | 18.4 | 67.1 | 0–100, higher = easier |
| Flesch–Kincaid Grade (1975) | 22.0 | 5.9 | US grade, lower = easier |
| Sentences | 7 | 59 | |
| Words | 319 | 485 | |
| Average sentence length (words) | 45.57 | 8.22 | lower = easier |
| Longest sentence (words) | 169 | 13 | |
| Sentences > 15 words | 7 | 0 | target 0 |
| Words ≥3 syll. (%) | 17.9 | 12.0 | |
| Passive (heuristic, after review) | 12 | 0 | tokens/phrases |
| Negations (heuristic, after review) | 0 | 0 | |
| Numbers written as words | 1 | 0 | target 0 |
| Numerals as digits | 1 | 3 | |
| Sentences addressing reader (%) | 0.0 | 67.8 | |
| Key terms explained at first use | 0/6 | 6/6 | 6 shared concepts |
| Blocks (paragraphs + lists) | 4 | 5 | |
| List items | 0 | 23 |
Output file easy-read-kvkk-en.html: axe-core 4.13.0 violations = 0 (incomplete 0, rules passed 34); html lang="en"; line-height 1.5; print body font 14 pt; text-align left; sentences wrapping to a 2nd line: screen 4/59, A4 print width 4/59.
Heuristic matches (for review)
standard_en
- Longest sentence
- Everyone has the right, by applying to the data controller, to learn whether personal data concerning him or her are processed, request information on the processing if his or her personal data have been processed, learn the purpose of the processing of personal data and whether they are used in acc
- Passive matches (raw)
- are processed, been processed, are used, are transferred, are processed, be notified, been transferred, be determined, be charged, is accepted, be taken, be refunded
- Removed as false positives
- –
- Negation matches (raw)
- –
- Negation false positives
- –
- Number words
- thirty
- Key terms at first use
- personal data: not explained; data controller: not explained; Board: not explained; apply: not explained; erasure: not explained; object: not explained
easy_en
- Longest sentence
- If the organisation uses your data, you can ask for information about it.
- Passive matches (raw)
- –
- Removed as false positives
- –
- Negation matches (raw)
- no, no
- Negation false positives
- no, no
- Number words
- –
- Key terms at first use
- personal data: explained; organisation / data controller: explained; Board: explained; apply: explained; delete: explained; object: explained
German: Standard DE translation (baseline) → Leichte Sprache (draft)
| Metric | Before | After | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flesch-Amstad (1978) | 11.7 | 77.8 | 0–100, higher = easier |
| Wiener Sachtextformel 1 (1984) | 15.1 | 2.7 | ≈ school grade 4–15, lower = easier |
| Sentences | 7 | 67 | |
| Words | 265 | 463 | |
| Average sentence length (words) | 37.86 | 6.91 | lower = easier |
| Longest sentence (words) | 151 | 12 | |
| Sentences > 15 words | 6 | 0 | target 0 |
| Words ≥3 syll. (%) | 31.3 | 8.4 | |
| Passive (heuristic, after review) | 4 | 0 | DE: sentences with werden-passive |
| Negations (heuristic, after review) | 0 | 0 | |
| Numbers written as words | 1 | 0 | target 0 |
| Numerals as digits | 1 | 3 | |
| Sentences addressing reader (%) | 0.0 | 53.7 | |
| Key terms explained at first use | 0/6 | 6/6 | 6 shared concepts |
| Blocks (paragraphs + lists) | 4 | 5 | |
| List items | 0 | 23 | |
| Genitive links (heuristic) | 12 | 0 | target 0 |
| Unsegmented words ≥ 13 letters | 16 | 3 | Mediopunkt rule |
Output file easy-read-kvkk-de.html: axe-core 4.13.0 violations = 0 (incomplete 0, rules passed 34); html lang="de"; line-height 1.5; print body font 14 pt; text-align left; sentences wrapping to a 2nd line: screen 3/67, A4 print width 3/67.
Heuristic matches (for review)
standard_de
- Longest sentence
- Jede Person hat das Recht, sich an den Verantwortlichen zu wenden und zu erfahren, ob sie betreffende personenbezogene Daten verarbeitet werden, im Falle der Verarbeitung ihrer personenbezogenen Daten diesbezüglich Auskunft zu verlangen, den Zweck der Verarbeitung personenbezogener Daten zu erfahren
- Passive matches (raw)
- Jede Person hat das Recht, sich an den Verantwortlichen zu wenden und zu erfahren, ob sie betreffende personenbezogene D… | Erfordert der Vorgang jedoch zusätzliche Kosten, kann die Gebühr nach dem vom Ausschuss festgelegten Tarif erhoben werde… | Wird dem Anliegen im Antrag stattgegeben, wird es vom Verantwortlichen umgesetzt.… | Beruht der Antrag auf einem Fehler des Verantwortlichen, wird die erhobene Gebühr der betroffenen Person erstattet.…
- Removed as false positives
- –
- Negation matches (raw)
- –
- Negation false positives
- –
- Number words
- dreißig
- Genitive links
- Falle der Verarbeitung, Zweck der Verarbeitung, Verarbeitung personenbezogener Daten, Rahmen der in Artikel, Vernichtung personenbezogener Daten, Analyse der verarbeiteten Daten, Falle eines Schadens, Verarbeitung personenbezogener Daten, Ersatz des Schadens, Art des Anliegens, Fehler des Verantwortlichen, Gebühr der betroffenen Person
- Mediopunkt compounds
- –
- Unsegmented ≥13 letters
- Verantwortliche, Verantwortlichen, Voraussetzungen, ausschließlich, automatisierter, diesbezüglich, festzulegenden, personenbezogene, personenbezogenen, personenbezogener, rechtswidrigen, schnellstmöglich, unentgeltlich, unvollständigen, verarbeiteten, vorgenommenen
- Key terms at first use
- personenbezogene Daten: not explained; Verantwortlicher: not explained; Ausschuss: not explained; Antrag: not explained; Löschung: not explained; Widerspruch: not explained
easy_de
- Longest sentence
- Dann dürfen Sie sagen: Die Stelle soll auch den anderen Bescheid sagen.
- Passive matches (raw)
- –
- Removed as false positives
- –
- Negation matches (raw)
- –
- Negation false positives
- –
- Number words
- –
- Genitive links
- –
- Mediopunkt compounds
- Daten·schutz·amt, Gesetzes·text, Telefon·nummer, kosten·los
- Unsegmented ≥13 letters
- Verantwortlicher, Widersprechen, widersprechen
- Key terms at first use
- persönliche Daten: explained; Stelle / Verantwortlicher: explained; Datenschutzamt: explained; Antrag: explained; löschen: explained; widersprechen: explained
What these numbers do not show
- Readability formulas measure surface features (sentence length, syllables, word length). They do not measure understanding.
- No test readers were involved. A German Leichte Sprache text must be checked by a Prüfgruppe (people with learning difficulties) before it may carry a Leichte Sprache logo; an Easy Read text needs checking by people with intellectual disabilities before it may carry the Inclusion Europe Easy-to-Read logo. Neither was done here.
- The Turkish formulas were calibrated on school texts; their bands are a rough guide for adult public information.
- Passive, negation, genitive and direct-address detectors are regex heuristics; every match is listed above and some were removed after manual review (listed).
- The easy versions explain the law; they are not legally binding. The legal meaning must be checked by the owner of the text. No legal advice is given.
- axe-core finds a subset of WCAG issues automatically; it does not judge plain-language quality, reading order meaning or pictogram suitability. The PDFs are tagged by Chromium but were not validated against PDF/UA.